Thanks to the action of microorganisms and other decomposers, biodegradable and organic materials are transformed… Compost is created. This ecological approach affects both private individuals and committed businesses. Let’s take a look at the benefits of composting, the different types of composting and the biomaterials that are processed. Let’s see how the waste is recycled.
Composting: an ecological and economic benefit for everyone
Recycling organic waste has a number of benefits for the planet, consumers and businesses alike. Obviously, there’s the reduction of waste, soil improvement, environmental protection and biodiversity, but that’s not all.
Composting provides a natural fertiliser, free of charge, and sets in motion a virtuous circular economy for both business and personal use. As an employer, shouldn’t your role also be to make your employees aware of environmental and social issues (CSR)?
Biodegradable and/or compostable: the big question!
Every compostable material is – by default – biodegradable, but the reverse is not always true… Biodegradable waste does not necessarily belong in compost. To differentiate between them, we need to look at their specific characteristics (composition, treatment, deterioration conditions, etc.). Yes, a compostable material deteriorates more quickly and in a controlled way (environment rich in microorganisms, temperature, humidity…).
Good to note: a certified compostable product complies with specific European standards (EN 13432).
Not one, but several types of composting
Let’s ask ourselves: what is composting? Composting is a natural process whereby organic waste is transformed into a fertiliser called compost. Yes, nature is very good at recycling what it produces. However, there are different types of composting. Whether it’s domestic, in a heap, on the surface, or even described as industrial, composting techniques are many and varied. Each is adapted to specific needs and contexts. Let’s take a closer look.
Domestic composting
This is one of the most common and accessible methods for private individuals. It involves collecting kitchen and garden waste in a composter at home. It’s inexpensive and easy to set up, and can drastically reduce the amount of waste sent to waste collection centres or landfill sites. In return, you get high-quality compost for your garden.
Composting in piles
Pile composting is a simple method that involves stacking organic waste outdoors, usually in a corner of the garden. This method is ideal for those with enough space and a large quantity of material to compost. No special equipment is required, apart from protection from animals and aesthetic enhancement.
Composting in a bin
In-bin composting uses a container specially designed to hold organic waste. Compost bins can be purchased or made from recycled materials such as wooden pallets. The latter allow better control of the compost’s humidity, temperature and ventilation. This method of composting is cleaner and more organised than heap composting.
Vermicomposting
Vermicomposting uses worms, mainly red worms (Eisenia fetida), to break down organic matter. This method is particularly suitable for small spaces, such as flats, as long as you look after it regularly and don’t use waste that is too acidic or salty.
Surface composting
Surface composting (or mulch composting) involves spreading organic matter directly on the soil. It can be placed around plants or in the vegetable garden. This type of composting mimics the natural decomposition process in forests, where fallen leaves decompose on the spot. Surface composting enriches the soil without any intermediate steps, while reducing evaporation and improving water retention.
Industrial composting
Industrial composting is used by municipalities and businesses to process large quantities of organic waste. Organic waste from restaurants, canteens and supermarkets is managed in large-scale facilities. Temperature, humidity and aeration are rigorously controlled to provide optimum conditions for rapid and complete decomposition. On the other hand, these infrastructures are expensive, and transporting the waste requires energy.
Bioplastics: are they all compostable?
The answer is no. Not all bioplastics can be composted. Of these, only PHA, PBS, PBAT, PCL and PLA are biodegradable, but not necessarily compostable. The treatments they undergo and the residues that remain do not allow them to be transformed into compost. The “OK compost” label can help you find your way around…
Nota Bene: PHA biopolymer is the only bioplastic that deteriorates naturally in any environment, without leaving any trace. Its complete biodegradability makes it the ideal solution for replacing conventional plastics!
Whatever the type of composting, this “recycling by nature” is an effective and ecological way of reducing our environmental impact. It’s a method that combines ethics and economics: giving back to the earth what it has given to us. But be careful what you put into it, bioplastics included…
